Woodpeckers of the World: Habitats: Taiga Forest

Monday, 7 March 2011

Habitats: Taiga Forest

The Taiga is a belt of forest that runs across the boreal (sub-Arctic) latitudes of the northern Hemisphere. Coniferous trees dominate in the Taiga with various spruce, larch, fir and pine typical. Deciduous trees, which are more common in the primary and secondary succession stages of growth, are alder, aspen and birch. In Eurasia typical woodpeckers of this habitat include Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker. In North America Black-backed and American Three-toed Woodpeckers are typical.

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Background

Woodpeckers, the Picidae, are Piciformes, an order that includes some of the oldest avian lineages. The Piciformes probably originated about 60 million years ago in the Tertiary period and became distinct from their closest relatives some 50 million years ago. Depending upon which taxonomy is followed, and the fact that the status of some species is unclear, around 240-260 woodpecker species probably exist globally. The Picidae includes three subfamilies: Jynginae (wrynecks), Picumninae (piculets) and the Picinae, the “true woodpeckers”. In terms of size, behaviour, distribution and the habitats they use, the Picinae are a fairly diverse group of birds with six distinct tribes. They are widespread and found from sea-level to high-altitudes but absent from the Arctic, Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Madagascar and some other islands. Worldwide woodpeckers are usually, but not exclusively, associated with trees.