Woodpeckers of the World: Genus: Campethera

Tuesday, 1 March 2011

Genus: Campethera

This genus is composed of 12 species, all found in sub-Saharan Africa. All are greenish on the upperparts. Though not truly terrestrial the Campethera readily forage on the ground for termites and the like and their bodily structure and bill reflects this. This female Bennett's Woodpecker C.bennettii was photographed in the Kruger NP, South Africa, by Gill Marven.

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Background

Woodpeckers, the Picidae, are Piciformes, an order that includes some of the oldest avian lineages. The Piciformes probably originated about 60 million years ago in the Tertiary period and became distinct from their closest relatives some 50 million years ago. Depending upon which taxonomy is followed, and the fact that the status of some species is unclear, around 240-260 woodpecker species probably exist globally. The Picidae includes three subfamilies: Jynginae (wrynecks), Picumninae (piculets) and the Picinae, the “true woodpeckers”. In terms of size, behaviour, distribution and the habitats they use, the Picinae are a fairly diverse group of birds with six distinct tribes. They are widespread and found from sea-level to high-altitudes but absent from the Arctic, Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Madagascar and some other islands. Worldwide woodpeckers are usually, but not exclusively, associated with trees.