Woodpeckers of the World: Picid in Focus: Fine-spotted Woodpecker Campethera punctuligera

Friday, 11 February 2011

Picid in Focus: Fine-spotted Woodpecker Campethera punctuligera

This small picid occurs in western and central Africa, in SW Mauretania, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Chad, Sudan, Ivort Coast, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and Zaire. It inhabits lightly wooded savanna and open grasslands with acacia where it mainly feeds on ants and termites. There are two races, nominate punctuligera across most of the range and balia in south Sudan and north-eastern Zaire. This female was photographed in the Gambia in 2010 by Vaughan Ashby.

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Background

Woodpeckers, the Picidae, are Piciformes, an order that includes some of the oldest avian lineages. The Piciformes probably originated about 60 million years ago in the Tertiary period and became distinct from their closest relatives some 50 million years ago. Depending upon which taxonomy is followed, and the fact that the status of some species is unclear, around 240-260 woodpecker species probably exist globally. The Picidae includes three subfamilies: Jynginae (wrynecks), Picumninae (piculets) and the Picinae, the “true woodpeckers”. In terms of size, behaviour, distribution and the habitats they use, the Picinae are a fairly diverse group of birds with six distinct tribes. They are widespread and found from sea-level to high-altitudes but absent from the Arctic, Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Madagascar and some other islands. Worldwide woodpeckers are usually, but not exclusively, associated with trees.