Woodpeckers of the World: Picid in Focus: Arizona Woodpecker

Sunday, 18 September 2011

Picid in Focus: Arizona Woodpecker

Arizona Woodpecker Picoides arizonae was until fairly recently regarded as a race of Strickland's Woodpecker. It is polytypic with 2 subspecies recognised: nominate arizonae occurs in south-east Arizona into north-western Mexico and fraterculus in western Mexico, southwards to southern Sinaloa and Durango. It often inhabits oakwoods. Photo of this male (note the red hindcrown which female lacks) by Pete Ferrera taken in May 2002.

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Background

Woodpeckers, the Picidae, are Piciformes, an order that includes some of the oldest avian lineages. The Piciformes probably originated about 60 million years ago in the Tertiary period and became distinct from their closest relatives some 50 million years ago. Depending upon which taxonomy is followed, and the fact that the status of some species is unclear, around 240-260 woodpecker species probably exist globally. The Picidae includes three subfamilies: Jynginae (wrynecks), Picumninae (piculets) and the Picinae, the “true woodpeckers”. In terms of size, behaviour, distribution and the habitats they use, the Picinae are a fairly diverse group of birds with six distinct tribes. They are widespread and found from sea-level to high-altitudes but absent from the Arctic, Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Madagascar and some other islands. Worldwide woodpeckers are usually, but not exclusively, associated with trees.